Hoʻohana i ke keleawe ma ka ʻoihana māmā

Noi okeleawema ka ʻOihana Pepa
I loko o ka nohona hoʻololi ʻike i kēia manawa, nui ka hoʻohana pepa.He mea maʻalahi ka pepa ma ka ʻili, akā paʻakikī loa ka hana ʻana i ka pepa, e koi ana i nā ʻanuʻu he nui a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mīkini he nui, me nā mea hoʻoluʻu, evaporators, beaters, mīkini pepa, a me nā mea hou aku.ʻO ka nui o kēia mau ʻāpana, e like me: nā paipu hoʻololi wela like ʻole, nā wili, nā pahu puhi, nā ʻōpala semi-wai a me nā uea uea, i hana ʻia me nā mea kila.No ka laʻana, ʻo ka mīkini pepa uwea Fourdrinier i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa, e pīpī i ka pulp i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma luna o kahi lole mesh e holo wikiwiki ana me nā ʻupena maikaʻi (40-60 mesh).Ua ulana ʻia ka mīkini mai ke keleawe a me ka phosphor keleawe uea, a he ākea loa, ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 kapuaʻi (6 mika), a pono e mālama pololei ʻia.Ke neʻe nei ka ʻupena ma luna o ke ʻano o nā keleawe liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​roila keleawe, a i kona hele ʻana me ka pulupulu ʻia ma luna ona, ua omo ʻia ka makū mai lalo.ʻO ka wiliwili i ka manawa like e hoʻopaʻa pū i nā kaula liʻiliʻi i loko o ka pulp.Nui nā mīkini pepa nui, a hiki i ka 26 kapuaʻi 8 ʻīniha (8.1 mika) ākea a me 100 kapuaʻi (3 0.5 mika) ka lōʻihi.ʻAʻole wale ka wai i loko o ka pulp pulu, akā loaʻa pū kekahi i nā kemika i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana pepa, ʻoi loa ka corrosive.I mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka maikaʻi o ka pepa, ua koʻikoʻi nā koi no nā mea mesh, ʻaʻole wale ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka elasticity, akā hiki nō hoʻi i ka anti-corrosion o ka pulp, hoʻolei ʻia ke keleawe keleawe.
Hoʻohana i ke keleawe ma ka ʻoihana paʻi
I ka paʻi ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka pā keleawe no ke kahakaha kiʻi.Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka pā keleawe i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia me ka emulsion photosensitive, hana ʻia kahi kiʻi kiʻi ma luna.Pono e hoʻomehana ʻia ka pā keleawe photosensitive e paʻakikī i ke kāpili.No ka pale ʻana i ka palupalu ʻana e ka wela, loaʻa pinepine ka keleawe i kahi kālā liʻiliʻi a i ʻole arsenic e hoʻonui ai i ka mahana palupalu.A laila, kālai ʻia ka pā i mea i paʻi ʻia me ke ʻano o nā kiko concave a convex i puʻunaue ʻia.ʻO kekahi hoʻohana koʻikoʻi o ke keleawe i ka paʻi ʻana, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i nā mamana ma o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā poloka font keleawe ma nā typesetters aunoa.ʻO nā poloka ʻano he keleawe alakaʻi, i kekahi manawa keleawe a keleawe paha.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke keleawe i ka ʻoihana wati
Hoʻopuka ʻia nā uaki, nā manawa a me nā mea hana me nā mīkini hana uaki kahi i hana ʻia ai ka hapa nui o nā ʻāpana hana i "brass horological".Loaʻa i ka alloy ka 1.5-2% alakaʻi, nona nā waiwai hoʻoponopono maikaʻi a kūpono no ka hana nui.No ka laʻana, ua ʻoki ʻia nā mea hana mai nā koʻokoʻo keleawe extruded lōʻihi, ua kuʻi ʻia nā huila pālahalaha mai nā ʻāpana o ka mānoanoa like, hoʻohana ʻia ke keleawe a i ʻole nā ​​mea hao keleawe ʻē aʻe e hana i nā maka uaki i kālai ʻia a me nā wili a me nā hono, etc. metala pū (tin-zinc bronze), a i ʻole i uhi ʻia me ke kālā nickel (keleawe keʻokeʻo).Hana ʻia kekahi mau uaki kaulana i ke kila a me ke keleawe.Hoʻohana ka Pelekane "Big Ben" i ke koʻokoʻo pū paʻa no ka lima hola a me kahi paipu keleawe 14-kapuaʻi no ka lima minuke.ʻO kahi hale hana wati hou, me ke keleawe keleawe ka mea nui, i hana ʻia me nā paʻi a me nā mole pololei, hiki ke hana i nā wati 10,000 a 30,000 i kēlā me kēia lā ma ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa loa.
Hoʻohana i ke keleawe ma ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau
I loko o ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau, hana ʻia nā ʻano mea hoʻoheheʻe a pau, ka paila a me ka ʻenekini i ke keleawe maʻemaʻe.I nā lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka zinc cupronickel.He mea maʻamau nō hoʻi ke keleawe keleawe no nā kiʻi kiʻi a pēlā aku.